Measure.h

Classes

Measure -- Physical quantities within reference frame (full description)
Global Functions -- Global functions (full description)

class Measure

Types

enum Types

N_Types
DEFAULT = 0

Interface

Public Members
friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const Measure &meas)
virtual ~Measure()
virtual void set(const MeasValue &dt) = 0
virtual Bool putValue(const Vector<Quantum<Double> > &in) = 0
virtual Bool setOffset(const Measure &in) = 0
virtual Bool areYou(const String &tp) const = 0
virtual uInt type() const = 0
virtual void assured(const String &tp) const = 0
virtual const String &tellMe() const = 0
virtual String getRefString() const = 0
virtual Bool isModel() const
void dummy_giveMe() const
virtual Bool setRefString(const String &in) = 0
virtual const String &getDefaultType() const = 0
virtual const String *const allTypes(Int &nall, Int &nextra, const uInt *&typ) const
virtual void checkTypes() const = 0
static uInt giveMe(const String &in, Int N_name, const String tname[])
void dummy_getRef() const
void dummy_getValue() const
virtual const Unit &getUnit() const = 0
virtual const MeasValue *const getData() const = 0
virtual MRBase *getRefPtr() const = 0
virtual void print(ostream &os) const = 0
virtual Measure *clone() const = 0
Private Members
void dummy_data() const
virtual void clear() = 0

Description

Review Status

Date Reviewed:
yyyy/mm/dd
Programs:
Tests:

Prerequisite

Etymology

Synopsis

Measure forms the abstract base class for physical quantities within a reference frame. Examples of derived classes are: Measure is the generic name for the more specific instances like, e.g., MEpoch, an instant in time.
A Measure has both a value (specified in some value internal to the specific Measure, in general called MVMeasure (e.g. MVEpoch)), see MeasValue for general details; and a reference type and frame specifier (see MeasRef class).
The MeasRef specifies the reference type of the value, e.g. TAI, UTC, LAST. In addition the MeasRef specifies a possible offset (e.g. the beginning of the year, or today), and, if necessary, Measures necessary for defining the absolute quantity (e.g. an MPosition on Earth for LAST), using a reference frame specifier (see MeasFrame class).
The MeasRef class is templated, but typedefs exist (and should be used) to easily specify the correct one, e.g. MEpoch::Ref.
A Measure can be converted from one reference frame to another (e.g. an MDirection can be converted from J2000 to apparent coordinates) by setting up a measure specific conversion engine (see MeasConvert class and below). From an input MeasRef frame and an output MeasRef frame it constructs a conversion functional, that can be fed values (with the () operator).
Some conversions can, in addition to the main type (like TAI), specify details to completely describe any conversion process (e.g. the type of nutation calculation) by specifying Aipsrc keyword/value pairs.

Measures can in general be constructed from a MeasRef and a value. The value can be expressed in the internally used units (e.g. MVEpoch for MEpoch, MVDirection for MDirection), or as a Quantum, i.e. a value with a dimension (e.g. (20,"km/s")) (see Quantum class). The preferred way of construction is by using the constructor:

	Measure(MVmeasure, Measure::Ref)
where the reference can be omitted, defaulting to Measure::DEFAULT), or in simple cases (not needing additional frame information) be specified directly as a code (e.g. MEpoch::IAT).

The value of the Measure can be obtained by a variety of get functions, returning in general internal or Quantum values. The preferred way is a getValue(void), which returns the specific MVmeasure value, which can then be further formatted using the appropiate MVmeasure get() functions.
Special formatting (like hh:mm:ss.t, dd.mm.ss.t, yy/mm/dd etc) are catered for in conversion-type classes like MVAngle, MVTime.

Conversion (within a Measure type) from one reference frame to another is done by the MeasConvert class. The class is templated, but has typedefs Measure::Convert (e.g. MEpoch::Convert) for easy, and recommended, reference.
The basic constructors for a Measure::Convert are:

 // With a default Measure included
 	Measure::Convert(Measure val, Measure::Ref outref);
 // With only input and output reference frames given 
	Mesaure::Convert( Measure::Ref inref, Measure::Ref outref);
The val is used as a model for subsequent input values into this conversion engine, including possible units; the outref specifies the output reference frame wanted. The constructor analyses the conversion wanted, and sets up a vector of routine calls to be called in sequence for the conversion. The actual conversion is done by the () operator.
To aid in using the raw measures, each class has also a Measure::MVType and Measure::MCType defined. They denote respectively the Measure Value class of the internal value, and the class with conversion routines.

Tip In the member description a number of dummy routines are present. They are the only way I have found to get cxx2html to get the belonging text properly present.

Example

 #include <aips/Measures.h>
 #include <aips/Measure/MEpoch.h>
 // Example is only to show what can be done, not the easiest way
 // Set up a simple reference (no offset or secondary Measures). It
 // indicates that times are given in MJD TAI.
	MEpoch::Ref reftai(MEpoch::TAI);
 // Same, but indicating MJD UTC
      MEpoch::Ref refutc(MEpoch::UTC);
 // Set up an MEpoch (note that no reference is given. In that case a
 // default is assumed (for MEpoch UTC). MJD2000 is a provided constant
 // of the MJD at 2000.0
     	MEpoch UTCval(Quantity(MeasData::MJD2000, "d"), reftai);
 // Set up, just for fun, an epoch, UTC for B1950.0:
	MEpoch val1950(Quantity(MeasData::MJDB1950, "d"));
 // and use it as an offset in a reference
	MEpoch::Ref ref1950(MEpoch::TAI, val1950);
 // An epoch for J2000 with an offset of B1950.0 will than be
	MEpoch val20_50(Quantity(MeasData::MJD2000-MeasData::MJDB1950, "d"),
		        ref1950);
 // Set up conversion from TAI(with values in days w.r.t. B1950.0) to UTC:
	MEpoch::Convert tai_to_utc(val20_50, refutc);
 // And convert a value (in this case the value in val20_50, the model)
 // from TAI(relative to B1950.0) to 'absolute' UTC
	MEpoch result = tai_to_utc();
 //   Show result
      cout << "Result 1: " << result << endl;
 // To convert 10 years since B1950.0
	result = tai_to_utc(Quantity(10.,"a"));
      cout << "Result 2: " << result << endl;
 // To convert any value in years(the last used units of the model) since B1950.0
	result = tai_to_utc(12.3);
      cout << "Result 3: " << result << endl;
Which generates the output:
	Result 1: Epoch: 51544::11:59:25.2154
	Result 2: Epoch: 36934::10:09:42.1283
	Result 3: Epoch: 37774::11:57:41.1085

Motivation

To be able to specify a physical entity absolutely in any reference frame; and to be able to convert from one frame to another. E.g. Local Sidereal Time to Temps Atomic International. A templated version for the MeasRef and MeasConvert was chosen to be able to check most arguments at compile time.

To Do

Member Description

enum Types

Each derived class should have a Types enumeration, specifying the recognised frame types. It is formatted as:
	enum Types {
	CODE1,
	CODE2,
	...,
	N_Types,		// Number of types
	SPEC1 = n,		// Possible special manipulator code
	.....,
	SYNONYM1 = CODEn,	// Probable synonyms
	....,
	DEFAULT = CODEm};
Dummy for cxx2html

friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const Measure &meas)

Each derived class should have:
 	friend class MeasConvert<a_Measure, its_MV, its_MC>;
Output a Measure

virtual ~Measure()

Destructor

virtual void set(const MeasValue &dt) = 0
virtual Bool putValue(const Vector<Quantum<Double> > &in) = 0

Each Measure should have the following set functions (with appropiate MVs and Ref):

	void set(const MVmeasure &dt);
	void set(const Measure::Ref &rf);
	void set(const MVmeasure &dt, const Measure::Ref &rf);

virtual Bool setOffset(const Measure &in) = 0

Set the offset in the reference (False if non-matching Measure)

virtual Bool areYou(const String &tp) const = 0

Check the type of derived Measure entity (e.g. "Epoch")

virtual uInt type() const = 0

Get the type (== Register() of derived Measure (faster than Strings) All should have: static uInt myType();

virtual void assured(const String &tp) const = 0

Assert that we are the correct Measure type

Thrown Exceptions

Each Measure should have: static void assure(const Measure &in);

virtual const String &tellMe() const = 0

Tell me your Measure type (e.g. "Epoch")

virtual String getRefString() const = 0

Each Measure should have the following static methods to give its name (e.g. Epoch) or reference type (e.g. UTC):

    // Show the Measure type (e.g. "Direction")
       static const String &showMe();
    // Cast an integer to the appropriate reference type. Avaialable to provide
    // a safe cast in cases where Measure type is not explicitly known.
       static Measure::Types castType(uInt tp);
    // Show the reference type (e.g. MEpoch::showType(MEpoch::IAT) == "TAI")
       static const String &showType(uInt tp);
       static const String &showType(Measure::Types tp);
    

virtual Bool isModel() const

Tell me if you are a pure model (e.g. a planet)

void dummy_giveMe() const

Each derived class should have a string-to-code translation routine for the reference type. The routine returns False if unknown String (and a default mr), else an appropiate mr reference.

	Bool giveMe(Measure::Ref &mr, const String &in);
	static Bool getType(Measure::Types &tp, const String &in);

Dummy for cxx2html

virtual Bool setRefString(const String &in) = 0

Set the reference type to the specified String. False if illegal string, reference set to DEFAULT.

virtual const String &getDefaultType() const = 0

Get the default reference type

virtual const String *const allTypes(Int &nall, Int &nextra, const uInt *&typ) const

Get a list of all known reference codes. nall returns the number in list, nextra the number of specials (like planets) that should be at end of list). typ returns the list of corresponding types. All should have
  static const String *const allMyTypes(Int &nall, Int &nextra,
					    const uInt *&typ);

virtual void checkTypes() const = 0

Check if all internal tables of types (both enum and String) are complete and correct. This function is called automatically if and when necessary.

Thrown Exceptions

All should have
  static void checkMyTypes();

static uInt giveMe(const String &in, Int N_name, const String tname[])

A general string checking routine to be used in derived measures. Its arguments are the string to be converted (in), an array of strings to check against (tname), and its length (N_name). The check is case insensitive and mini-max. A return value less than N_name indicates success.

void dummy_getRef() const

Each class should have a function to return its reference:
  	Measure::Ref getRef() const;

Dummy for cxx2html

void dummy_getValue() const

Each derived class should be able to get its internal value and have:

 	const MVmeasure &getValue() const;
To get dimensioned data, each derived class should contain the appropiate one of:
    Quantity get(const Unit &unit) const;
    Quantum<Vector<Double> > get(const Unit &unit) const;

virtual const Unit &getUnit() const = 0

Get unit (only available if Measure generated from a Quantum, else "")

virtual const MeasValue *const getData() const = 0

Get data pointer (used by MeasConvert)

virtual MRBase *getRefPtr() const = 0

Get general reference pointer

virtual void print(ostream &os) const = 0

Print a Measure

virtual Measure *clone() const = 0

Create a copy

void dummy_data() const

Each class will have the following information: Actual data
	MVmeasure data;
Reference frame data
	MeasRef<Measure> ref;
Possible input units
	Unit unit;
And maybe later (or somewhere else)
	MeasErr error;

virtual void clear() = 0

Clear the measure


Global functions (source)

Interface

ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const Measure &meas)

Description

Member Description

ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const Measure &meas)

Output declaration