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Subsections

`lwf_a`

ASCII to POSTSCRIPT filter.

Synopsis

lwf_a [-1] [-b] [-c#] [-d#] [-ffont] [-g#] [-i#] [-l] [-nfile] [-olist] [-p#] [-r] [-s#] [-t#] [-u] [-x] [file1 [file2 ...]]

Description

lwf_a is a POSTSCRIPT filter. It can process multiple input files into a single multi-document POSTSCRIPT file. If no files are specified input is read from stdin.

lwf_a correctly processes form feed characters and tabs and also understands backspacing. If a fixed-width font is used, such as one of those in the Courier family, then backspaces followed by underscores may be used for underlining.

lwf_a can also display 7-bit and 8-bit ASCII control codes as described by the -d option below.

Options

-1

Print in single-sided mode; the default is to print in two-sided (duplex) mode if the printer supports it.

-b

Normally a header is written at the top of each page. The -b flag prevents this and instead produces a separate banner page.

-c#

Specifies multicolumn output. The page is divided into the specified number of equally spaced columns without regard to whether the text fits within them. The default is 1.

-d#

Display ASCII control codes (ASCII 00-1f, 7f-ff):

0: Interpret BS, HT, NL, NP, and CR and ignore all other control codes.
1: Interpret NUL, BS, HT, NL, NP, and CR and display all other control codes in two-character mnemonic form (default).
2: Display all control codes in two-character mnemonic form and also interpret HT, NL, NP, and CR.
3: Same as 2 except that lines are broken at 80 characters. Note that since horizontal tabs are still interpreted the printed line may exceed 80 columns.
4: Display all control codes in two-character mnemonic form and don't interpret any of them. Lines will be broken at 80 characters.
5: Interpret the input as a non-ASCII byte stream, displaying each byte in hexadecimal notation. Lines will be broken at 80 characters.

Modes 1, 2, and 3 are suitable for printing text files which may contain a few control codes, for example a .cshrc file which sets variables containing terminal escape sequences. Modes 2 and 3 might be useful for debugging makefiles since horizontal tabs in these have a special significance. Modes 4 and 5 are suitable for dumping binary files. Mode 4 might be used for examining the ASCII character strings contined in an object module, while mode 5 might be used for dumping a data file.

The two-character mnemonics are printed at half size.

ASCII control codes are listed below.

-ffont

Set the font type, the default is Courier. Courier, Helvetica, and Times are POSTSCRIPT standards; the following fonts are supported by most POSTSCRIPT printers:

   AGB    AvantGarde-Book
   AGBO   AvantGarde-BookOblique
   AGD    AvantGarde-Demi
   AGDO   AvantGarde-DemiOblique
   BD     Bookman-Demi
   BDI    Bookman-DemiItalic
   BL     Bookman-Light
   BLI    Bookman-LightItalic
   C      Courier
   CO     Courier-Oblique
   CB     Courier-Bold
   CBO    Courier-BoldOblique
   H      Helvetica
   HB     Helvetica-Bold
   HO     Helvetica-Oblique
   HBO    Helvetica-BoldOblique
   HN     Helvetica-Narrow
   HNB    Helvetica-Narrow-Bold
   HNO    Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique
   HNBO   Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique
   NCSR   NewCenturySchlbk-Roman
   NCSB   NewCenturySchlbk-Bold
   NCSI   NewCenturySchlbk-Italic
   NCSBI  NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic
   PR     Palatino-Roman
   PB     Palatino-Bold
   PI     Palatino-Italic
   PBI    Palatino-BoldItalic
   TR     Times-Roman
   TB     Times-Bold
   TI     Times-Italic
   TBI    Times-BoldItalic
   ZCMI   ZapfChancery-MediumItalic

The full font name (exactly as specified above) or the abbreviation given on the left may be used.

-g#

Group lines of text in multiples, as specified, by printing grey bands in the background. The default is not to produce banding.

-i#

The distance in centimetres to indent all text from the left-hand edge of the page instead of the default 1cm.

-l

Use landscape format instead of the default portrait format. The default font type, font size, and indentation allow 80 characters in portrait, and 132 in landscape format.

-nfile

Use file as the file name in the page header.

-oM:N

Only pages whose page numbers appear in the comma separated list of numbers and ranges will be printed. A range M:N means pages M through N inclusive. An initial :N means from the beginning to page N, and a final M: means from M to the end. The default, ``:'', is to print all pages.

Formfeeds are inserted to maintain the correct parity when printing in duplex mode (see the -x option).

-p#

Set the paper type. The default is A4 and recognized values are

   -----------------------------------------------------
     name          point        inch           cm
   -----------------------------------------------------
    A3          (842 x 1190)              29.7  x 42.0
    A4          (595 x  842)              21.0  x 29.7
    A5          (420 x  595)              14.82 x 21.0
    B4          (729 x 1032)              25.72 x 36.41
    B5          (516 x  729)              18.20 x 25.72
    statement   (396 x  612)  5.5 x 8.5  (13.97 x 21.59)
    executive   (540 x  720)  7.5 x 10   (19.05 x 25.40)
    quarto      (610 x  780)             (21.52 x 27.52)
    letter      (612 x  792)  8.5 x 11   (21.59 x 27.94)
    folio       (612 x  936)  8.5 x 13   (21.59 x 33.02)
    legal       (612 x 1008)  8.5 x 14   (21.59 x 35.56)
    10x14       (720 x 1008)  10  x 14   (25.40 x 35.56)
    tabloid     (792 x 1224)  11  x 17   (27.94 x 43.18)
    ledger     (1224 x  792)  17  x 11   (43.18 x 27.94)

In addition, A4/letter is recognized as being the width of A4 and height of letter size paper.

-r

Reverse the page order and file sequence. This may be useful for printers like the Apple LaserWriter which delivers pages face up, but is not appropriate for those which deliver them face down.

-s#

Set the font size, in points. The default is 10 and legal values lie in the range from 5 to 1000.

-t#

Set the line spacing. The default is 1.0 (single space) and legal values lie in the range from 1.0 to 3.0 (fractional values are allowed).

-u

Invert text on the reverse side of the page when printing in duplex mode. This may be used when the pages are to be bound on the upper edge of the paper (as defined by the orientation of the text on the front side).

-x

Exchange parity when printing in duplex mode so that the odd numbered pages are printed on the reverse side of the paper.

Notes

lwf_a produces POSTSCRIPT which conforms to level 3.0 document structuring conventions.
The default font and font size (Courier 10pt) allows 80 characters per line in portrait mode, and 132 characters in landscape on A4 paper. However, the left margin is then too narrow to be punched for a ring binder. If this is required, Courier 9pt with a 2cm margin may be used, specify -i2 -s9.

The following table lists the number of rows and columns per page for a variety of input options. It applies only for Courier with single spacing and the default indentation.

                A3                 A4               letter
   Font  Portrait Landsc.   Portrait Landsc.   Portrait Landsc.
   size  row/col  row/col   row/col  row/col   row/col  row/col

     5   220/266  150/389   150/184  101/266   140/190  104/250
     6   183/222  125/329   125/153   84/222   117/158   87/209
     7   157/190  107/274   107/131   72/190   100/135   74/179
     8   137/166   94/239    94/115   63/166    87/118   65/156
     9   122/148   83/213    83/102   56/148    78/105   58/139
    10   110/133   75/192    75/92    50/133    70/95    52/125
    11   100/121   68/174    68/83    46/121    63/86    47/114
    12    91/111   62/160    62/76    42/111    58/79    43/104
    15    73/89    50/128    50/61    33/89     46/63    34/83
    18    61/74    41/106    41/51    28/74     39/53    29/69
    24    45/55    31/80     31/38    21/55     29/39    21/51

The ASCII codes in hexadecimal, with two-character mnemonics for control codes, are as follows:

   00  NU  (NUL - null character)
   01  SH  (SOH - start of heading)
   02  SX  (STX - start of text)
   03  EX  (ETX - end of text)
   04  ET  (EOT - end of transmission)
   05  EQ  (ENQ - enquiry)
   06  AK  (ACK - acknowledge)
   07  BL  (BEL - bell)
   08  BS  (BS  - backspace)
   09  HT  (HT  - horizontal tab)
   0a  NL  (NL  - new line, or LF - line feed)
   0b  VT  (VT  - vertical tab)
   0c  NP  (NP  - new page, or FF - form feed)
   0d  CR  (CR  - carriage return)
   0e  SO  (SO  - shift out)
   0f  SI  (SI  - shift in)

   10  DL  (DLE - data link escape)
   11  D1  (DC1 - device control 1)
   12  D2  (DC1 - device control 2)
   13  D3  (DC1 - device control 3)
   14  D4  (DC1 - device control 4)
   15  NK  (NAK - negative acknowledge)
   16  SY  (SYN - synchonous idle)
   17  EB  (ETB - end of transmission block)
   18  CN  (CAN - cancel)
   19  EM  (EM  - end of medium)
   1a  SB  (SUB - substitute)
   1b  ES  (ESC - escape)
   1c  FS  (FS  - file separator)
   1d  GS  (GS  - group separator)
   1e  RS  (RS  - record separator)
   1f  US  (US  - unit separator)

   20 < >    30  0     40  @     50  P     60  `     70  p
   21  !     31  1     41  A     51  Q     61  a     71  q
   22  "     32  2     42  B     52  R     62  b     72  r
   23  #     33  3     43  C     53  S     63  c     73  s
   24  $     34  4     44  D     54  T     64  d     74  t
   25 %     35  5     45  E     55  U     65  e     75  u
26  &     36  6     46  F     56  V     66  f     76  v
   27  '     37  7     47  G     57  W     67  g     77  w
   28  (     38  8     48  H     58  X     68  h     78  x
   29  )     39  9     49  I     59  Y     69  i     79  y
   2a  *     3a  :     4a  J     5a  Z     6a  j     7a  z
   2b  +     3b  ;     4b  K     5b  [     6b  k     7b  {
   2c  ,     3c  <     4c  L     5c  \     6c  l     7e  ~
   2d  -     3d  =     4d  M     5d  ]     7c  |     6d  m
   2e  .     3e  >     4e  N     5e  ^     7d  }     6e  n
   2f  /     3f  ?     4f  O     5f  _     6f  o

   7f DL (DEL - delete)

Eight-bit codes (from 80 to ff) are displayed via their two hexadecimal digits using ``abcdef'' (in lower case) to distinguish them from certain seven-bit control codes all of which are printed in upper case - in particular, the eight-bit codes (d1, d2, d3, d4, and eb) and the seven-bit codes (D1, D2, D3, D4, and EB).