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The Glish 2.7 User Manual
DRAFT

Darrell Schiebel
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
520 Edgemont Rd.
Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475
drs@nrao.edu

Vern Paxson
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
1 Cyclotron Rd.
Berkeley, CA 94720
vern@ee.lbl.gov

Preface

Glish was originally designed and developed by Vern Paxson of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. He wrote a fair chunk of this manual. Glish is now maintained and developed by Darrell Schiebel, and so is this manual, of which Darrell wrote the remainder. Darrell is the person to contact with questions, comments, suggestions, and bug reports.

A postscript version of this document is available.

• Preface

Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Introduction

An Example of Using Glish

Values, Types, and Constants

• Overview
  • Glish Types
  • Dynamic Typing
  • Type Conversions
  • Vectors
    • Creating Vectors
    • Length of a Vector
    • Element-by-Element Vector Operations
    • Accessing Vector Elements
    • Modifying Vector Elements
• Numeric Types
  • Numeric Constants
  • Mixing Numeric Types
  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Comparison Operators
  • Indexing With Numeric Types
• Strings
  • String Constants
  • String Operators
• Records
  • Record Constants
  • Accessing Fields Using ``.''
  • Accessing Fields Using []
  • Accessing Fields Using Numeric Subscripts
• Attributes
  • Accessing Attributes Using ``::''
  • Accessing Attributes Using []
  • Accessing All Attributes
  • Cascaded Attributes
• Multi-Element Indexing
  • Integer Indices
  • Boolean Indices
  • Assigning Multiple Elements
  • Accessing and Modifying Multiple Record Fields
• Arrays
  • Creating Arrays
  • Indexing Arrays
    • Element Indexing with Subscripts
    • Slice Indexing with Subscripts
    • Element Indexing with an Array
    • Slice Indexing with a Record
  • Arrays as Vectors
  • Operators and Boolean Indices
• References
  • Whole Value References
    • Creating References
    • Breaking References
    • Explicitly Maintaining References
  • Partial Value References
    • Creating References
    • Breaking References
    • Explicitly Maintaining References
• Constant Values
  • Constant Arrays and Vectors
  • Constant Records
    • Constant Whole Record
    • Constant Field Names
    • Constant Fields
  • Constant References
• Copy On Write

Expressions

• Atomic Expressions
• Unary Operators
• Arithmetic Expressions
• Relational Expressions
• Logical Expressions
• Assignment Expressions
  • Assignment Syntax
  • Assigning reference Values
  • Cascaded Assignments
  • Compound Assignment
• Indexing
• Integer Sequence Expressions
• Regular Expressions
  • Ranges
  • Substitution
  • Grouping and Alternation
  • Repetition
  • Escape Sequences
  • Greedy and Lazy Matching
  • Application
    • ~ Operator
    • Regular Expression Vectors
    • =~ and !~ Operators
  • Splitting Strings
  • Lookahead
  • Comments
• Functions and Function Calls
• Reference Expressions
• Request Expressions
• Event Expressions
• Precedence
• include Expression

Statements

• Expressions as Statements
• Empty Statement
• Printing
  • Print Precision
  • Print Limit
• Conditionals
• Loops
  • While Loops
  • For Loops
  • Controlling Loop Execution
• return Statement
• fail Statement
• exit Statement
• local ``Statement''
• Sending and Receiving Events
  • Sending Events
  • Receiving Events
    • Whenever Statements
    • Await Statements
  • activate and deactive Statements
  • link and unlink Statements
• Leaving Out the Statement Terminator

Functions

• Simple Examples
• Function Definitions
• Function Names
• Function Parameters
  • Parameter Names
  • Parameter Defaults
  • Parameter Types
    • Using ref Parameters
    • Parameter and Return Value Efficiency
    • Future Directions
  • Extra Arguments
• Missing Parameters
• The Function Body
  • Scoping
    • function Scope
    • global Scope
    • local Scope
    • wider Scope
  • Persistent Local Variables

Events

• What is an ``Event"?
• Agents
  • The agent Type
  • Agent Records
• Overview of Agent Interaction
  • Sending Events
  • Processing Asynchronous Events
• Send Expressions
• whenever Statement
  • Event Syntax
  • Execution of whenever
  • $agent, $name, and $value
  • activate and deactivate Statements
• await Statement
  • Usage
  • Interaction with whenever
• Point-to-Point Communication
• Creating Clients
  • The client Function
  • The shell Function
• Shared Clients
• Script Clients
• Predefined Events
• Subsequences

Input and Output

• ASCII I/O
  • Opening Files
  • Reading
  • Writing
• User Interaction
• Binary I/0
• File Information

Debugging, Logging, and Error Handling

• fail Statement
• Input/Output Logging
• Trace

Predefined Functions and Variables

• Type Identification
• Type Conversion
  • Boolean Conversions
  • Integer Conversions
  • Float and Double Conversions
  • Complex Conversions
  • String Conversions
• Manipulating Vectors and Arrays
• Value Creators
• String Functions
  • split and paste
  • sprintf
  • tr
  • strlen
• Manipulating Symbols
• eval Function
• Manipulating Variable Argument Lists
• Manipulating Agents
• Memory Usage
• Global Variables
• Function Summary by Category
  • Type Identification
  • Type Conversion
  • Vector and Array Manipulation
  • Value Creators
  • String Functions
  • Manipulating Symbols
  • Manipulating Variable Arguments
  • Input and Output
  • Manipulating Agents
  • Memory Usage
  • Global Variables
• Alphabetic Summary of Functions

Glish/Tk

• Introduction
• Frame
• Button
  • Plain Buttons
  • Check Buttons
  • Radio Buttons
  • Menu Buttons
• Listbox and Scrollbar
  • Listbox
  • Scrollbar
• Odds and Ends
  • Label
  • Scale
  • Message
  • Entry
• Text
• Canvas
• Version Number and Utility Functions

Glish/PGPLOT

• Introduction
• Pgplot Agent Constructor
  • Colormap considerations
• Pgplot and Window Resizing
• Hints
• Non-Standard Methods
  • bind - notice cursor, mouse button, and keyboard events
  • cursor - set the cursor in the pgplot window
  • height - notice cursor, mouse button, and keyboard events
  • width - notice cursor, mouse button, and keyboard events
• Unavailable Standard PGPLOT Methods
• Standard PGPLOT Methods
  • ARRO - draw an arrow
  • ASK - control new page prompting
  • BBUF - begin batch of output (buffer)
  • BEG - begin PGPLOT, open output device
  • BIN - histogram of binned data
  • BOX - draw labeled frame around viewport
  • CIRC - draw a filled or outline circle
  • CLOS - close the selected graphics device
  • CONB - contour map of a 2D data array, with blanking
  • CONL - label contour map of a 2D data array
  • CONS - contour map of a 2D data array (fast algorithm)
  • CONT - contour map of a 2D data array (contour-following)
  • CTAB - install the color table to be used by IMAG
  • DRAW - draw a line from the current pen position to a point
  • EBUF - end batch of output (buffer)
  • END - terminate PGPLOT
  • ENV - set window and viewport and draw labeled frame
  • ERAS - erase all graphics from current page
  • ERRB - horizontal or vertical error bar
  • ERRX - horizontal error bar
  • ERRY - vertical error bar
  • GRAY - gray-scale map of a 2D data array
  • HI2D - cross-sections through a 2D data array
  • HIST - histogram of unbinned data
  • IDEN - write username, date, and time at bottom of plot
  • IMAG - color image from a 2D data array
  • LAB - write labels for x-axis, y-axis, and top of plot
  • LDEV - list available device types
  • LEN - find length of a string in a variety of units
  • LINE - draw a polyline (curve defined by line-segments)
  • MOVE - move pen (change current pen position)
  • MTXT - write text at position relative to viewport
  • NUMB - convert a number into a plottable character string
  • OPEN - open a graphics device
  • PAGE - advance to new page
  • PANL - switch to a different panel on the view surface
  • PAP - change the size of the view surface
  • PIXL - draw pixels
  • PNTS - draw one or more graph markers, not all the same
  • POLY - fill a polygonal area with shading
  • PT - draw one or more graph markers
  • PTXT - write text at arbitrary position and angle
  • QAH - inquire arrow-head style
  • QCF - inquire character font
  • QCH - inquire character height
  • QCI - inquire color index
  • QCIR - inquire color index range
  • QCOL - inquire color capability
  • QCR - inquire color representation
  • QCS - inquire character height in a variety of units
  • QFS - inquire fill-area style
  • QHS - inquire hatching style
  • QID - inquire current device identifier
  • QINF - inquire PGPLOT general information
  • QITF - inquire image transfer function
  • QLS - inquire line style
  • QLW - inquire line width
  • QPOS - inquire current pen position
  • QTBG - inquire text background color index
  • QTXT - find bounding box of text string
  • QVP - inquire viewport size and position
  • QVSZ - find the window defined by the full view surface
  • QWIN - inquire window boundary coordinates
  • RECT - draw a rectangle, using fill-area attributes
  • RND - find the smallest `round' number greater than x
  • RNGE - choose axis limits
  • SAH - set arrow-head style
  • SAVE - save PGPLOT attributes
  • UNSA - restore PGPLOT attributes
  • SCF - set character font
  • SCH - set character height
  • SCI - set color index
  • SCIR - set color index range
  • SCR - set color representation
  • SCRN - set color representation by name
  • SFS - set fill-area style
  • SHLS - set color representation using HLS system
  • SHS - set hatching style
  • SITF - set image transfer function
  • SLCT - select an open graphics device
  • SLS - set line style
  • SLW - set line width
  • STBG - set text background color index
  • SUBP - subdivide view surface into panels
  • SVP - set viewport (normalized device coordinates)
  • SWIN - set window
  • TBOX - draw frame and write (DD) HH MM SS.S labelling
  • TEXT - write text (horizontal, left-justified)
  • UPDT - update display
  • VECT - vector map of a 2D data array, with blanking
  • VSIZ - set viewport (inches)
  • VSTD - set standard (default) viewport
  • WEDG - annotate an image plot with a wedge
  • WNAD - set window and adjust viewport to same aspect ratio

Using Glish

• The Glish Interpreter
  • Using Glish Interactively
  • How Glish Executes a Script
• Debugging Glish Scripts and Clients
  • Debugging Clients
  • The Event Monitor

Command Line Editing

The Glish Client Library

• An Overview of the Value Class
• An Overview of the Client Class
• The GlishEvent Class
• An Example of a Client
• The Client Class
  • Standard Client Member Functions
  • Multiplexing Input Sources
  • Shared Clients
• The Proxy and ProxyStore Classes
• The Value Class
  • Constructing Value Objects
  • Basic Value Operations
  • Type Conversions
  • Manipulating Records
  • Accessing and Assigning Elements
  • Accessing and Assigning Attributes
• Available Glish Clients

Internals

• Encoding Event Values
• Creating and Controlling Remote Clients
  • glishd Started by Root
  • glishd Started by the Interpreter
  • glishd Events
• Transmitting Events
• Suppressing Stand-Alone Client Behavior
• The ``Shell" Client
• Initializing the Interpreter
• Installing and Porting Glish

Changes Between Glish Releases

• Release 2.7 (September 1998)
• Release 2.6 (November 1997)
• Release 2.5 (December, 1994)
• Release 2.4
• Release 2.3
• Release 2.2

Bugs

Future Directions

Acknowledgments

Copyright

• Glish
• Regular Expressions
  • The Artistic License
    • Preamble
    • Definitions
    • Conditions
  • Henry Spencer
• Command-line Editing

Glish Syntax and Grammar

Glish Syntax and Grammar

Index